PSG has now secured the season-opening cup on fourteen separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side struck twice in the closing moments to take a shock advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital leveler in the final seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the past thirteen seasons.